Toetjes na
نویسندگان
چکیده
Toetjes is a constant-sum game of perfect information in which players guess in turn the outcome of a random variable X with known distribution. The contestants, who play in a predetermined order, know the values announced by their predecessors but must make a different choice. The winner is that participant whose guess is closest to the value eventually taken by X . Feder (Amer. Math. Monthly, 1990), who investigated Toetjes as a non-cooperative game when X is uniformly distributed, observed that it provides a clear advantage to the first guesser, while the last player is at a disadvantage. It is shown here that this result extends to more general densities, but that in contrast, Toetjes is most favorable to the last player when the contestants can form alliances. It is also shown that the last person who speaks has a strong advantage in a version of Toetjes related to the American television show The Price is Right, in which the winner is the contestant whose bid is closest to, but less than, the unknown retail price X of an important collection of consumer goods. Résumé. Toetjes est un jeu à somme constante dans lequel des concurrents parfaitement informés tentent tour à tour de deviner la valeur d’un aléa X de loi connue. Les participants, qui jouent dans un ordre préétabli, connaissent les réponses données par leurs prédécesseurs mais doivent faire un choix différent. La valeur la plus proche de celle éventuellement prise par X détermine le vainqueur. Feder (Amer. Math. Monthly, 1990), qui a analysé ce jeu dans le cas où X est équidistribué, a constaté que lorsque les participants à Toetjes ne sont pas autorisés à coopérer, le jeu avantage nettement le premier concurrent et désavantage le dernier. On montre ici que cette observation s’étend à d’autres lois de probabilité mais qu’en revanche, Toetjes favorise le dernier concurrent si les joueurs peuvent former des alliances. On montre aussi que le dernier répondant jouit d’un avantage substantiel dans une version de Toetjes apparentée au jeu télévisé américain Le juste prix, dans lequel le gagnant est celui qui devine le plus exactement possible, sans toutefois le dépasser, le prix de vente X inconnu d’un important ensemble de biens de consommation.
منابع مشابه
The effects of Na & Mg adsorption on the electrical properties of SiCNTs: A DFT study
In the present study we focused on the electronic and structural properties of Na and Mg adsorption on the surface of the (6, 6) armchair SiCNTs. The adsorption energy (Eads), band gap energy (Eg), partial density of state (PDOS), chemical potential (μ), global hardness (η), electrophilicity index (ω), global softness (S), work function values (φ) and work function change (Δφ) are calculated by...
متن کاملHydrogen Adsorption on (5,0) and (3,3) Na-decorated BNNTs
The storage capacity of hydrogen on Na-decorated born nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is investigated by using density functional theory within Quantum Espresso and Gaussian 09. The results obtained predict that a single Na atom tends to occupy above the central region of the hexagonal rings in (5,0) and (3,3) BNNT structures with a binding energy of -2.67 and -4.28 eV/Na-atom respectively. When a si...
متن کاملO-10: A Marked Animal-Vegetal Polarity in The Localization of Na+,K+-ATPase Activity and Its Down-Regulation Following Progesterone-Induced Maturation
Background: Polarized cells are key to the process of differentiation. Xenopus oocyte is a polarized cell that has complete blue-print to differentiate 3 germ layers following fertilization, as key determinant molecules (Proteins and RNAs) are asymmetrically localized. The objective of this work was to localize Na+, K+-ATPase activity along animal-vegetal axis of polarized Xenopus oocyte and fo...
متن کاملبررسی فیزیولوژیک دفع سدیم در بافتهای مختلف ارقام حساس و متحمل به شوری گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)
مطالعه واکنشهای فیزیولوژیک ارقام مختلف گندم به تنش شوری میتواند منجر به شناسایی مکانیزمهای موثر در تحمل شوری گردد. هفت رقم گندم نان متفاوت از نظر توان تجمع یون سدیم و نیز تحمل شوری برای ارزیابی نحوه توزیع یونی و میزان تجمع و دفع سدیم در بافتهای مختلف گیاه در شرایط تنش شوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. جهت شناسایی الگوی توزیع یونی در بوته، غلظت یون سدیم (Na+)، پتاسیم (K+) و نسبت K+/Na+ در بافتها...
متن کاملEfficiency of Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Improve Absorb of K than Na and Salt Tolerance in Petunia Hybrida L.
Salinity is a major limitation ecological factor for plant development in arid and semi-arid regions. The ionic imbalance, deficiency of nutrients and degradation of plant metabolites are caused by saline conditions, are affected by the reduction ratio of potassium (K) then sodium (Na). In this research foliar applications of humic acid (HA) for improve the absorption of K under salt stress was...
متن کامل